Activin R2B, Monoclonal Antibody

Anti human Activin R-2B (#6L11)

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Chromosome: 3; NC_000003.12 (38454299..38493142). Location: 3p22

Monoclonal

IgG1

6L11

Mouse

This antibody was selected for its ability to detect human Activin RIIB. Weak cross reactivity was found to hActivin R-2A.

Protein G affinity chromatography

Lyophilized

Lyophilized samples are stable for 2 years from date of receipt when stored at -70 degree C. Reconstituted antibody can be aliquoted and stored frozen at < -20 degree C for at least for six months without detectable loss of activity. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Manufactured in an ISO 9001:2008 Certified Laboratory.

Small volumes of anti-Activin R2B antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

Activin isoforms and other members of the TGFbeta superfamily exert their biological effects by binding to heteromeric complexes of a type I and a type II serinethreonine kinase receptor, both of which are essential for signal transduction. Seven type I and five type II receptors, including the two type I and the two type II activin receptors, designated ActRI(A), ActRIB, ActRII(A) and ActRIIB or activin R2B, have been cloned from mammals. Through alternative mRNA splicing, multiple ActRIIB isoforms can also be generated, adding to the complexity of the activin receptor system. Different activin isoforms bind with different highaffinities to the various type II isoforms. Type I activin receptors do not bind directly to activin, but will associate with the type II receptor activin complex and initiate signal transduction. Besides the activin isoforms, ActRII will also bind inhibin, BMP2 and BMP7 with lower affinities. ActRI can also bind and form signaling complexes with the BMP2/ 7bound BMPRII. Activin type II receptors are highly conserved. Human, mouse and rat type II activin receptors share greater than 98% amino acid sequence homology. Recombinant soluble activin type II receptors bind activin with high affinity, and are potent activin antagonists.

Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

WB: 1:500–1:1000
IHC (Paraffin): 1:50–1:100

Human placenta (formalin fixed and paraffin embedded) section is subjected to IHC

57,724 Da

activin A receptor, type IIB

activin receptor type-2B

Activin receptor type-2B

ACTR-IIB  [Similar Products]

AVR2B_HUMAN

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Function: Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine role in follicular development in the ovary. Within the receptor complex, the type-2 receptors act as a primary activin receptors (binds activin-A/INHBA, activin-B/INHBB as well as inhibin-A/INHA-INHBA). The type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine-threonine kinase. The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor. Once activated, the type-1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor. Ref.5

Catalytic activity: ATP + [receptor-protein] = ADP + [receptor-protein] phosphate.

Cofactor: Magnesium or manganese

By similarity.

Subunit structure: Forms an activin receptor complex with activin type II receptors such as ACVR1B. Interacts with VPS39. Ref.5 Ref.6

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

By similarity.

Post-translational modification: Phosphorylated. Constitutive phosphorylation is in part catalyzed by its own kinase activity. Ref.5

Involvement in disease: Heterotaxy, visceral, 4, autosomal (HTX4) [MIM:613751]: A form of visceral heterotaxy, a complex disorder due to disruption of the normal left-right asymmetry of the thoracoabdominal organs. Visceral heterotaxy or situs ambiguus results in randomization of the placement of visceral organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and stomach. The organs are oriented randomly with respect to the left-right axis and with respect to one another. It can been associated with variety of congenital defects including cardiac malformations. HTX4 clinical features include dextrocardia, right aortic arch and a right-sided spleen, anomalies of the inferior and the superior vena cava, atrial ventricular canal defect with dextro-transposed great arteries, pulmonary stenosis, polysplenia and midline liver.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.3

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

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